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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
跨越千年的传承与创新：浙江辑里湖丝“复活记”******
中新网湖州1月11日电(施紫楠 姚玲利)走进浙江省湖州市南浔区南浔镇辑里村，一间木屋内，年过七旬的顾明琪坐在老式木质缫丝车前，有节奏地踩踏踏板，放置在盆里的蚕丝被缓缓拉出。
蚕茧拉出的蚕丝(资料图) 沈勇强 摄“温度调至90摄氏度开始煮茧，用稻草芯粘起蚕丝，先绕再钩，再绕到丝车上，按照车的惯性拿脚踏着，可以拉到1400米。”作为国家非物质文化遗产代表项目蚕丝织造技艺(辑里湖丝手工制作技艺)代表性传承人，顾明琪对缫丝技艺如数家珍。
在顾明琪的记忆里，小时候村里家家户户都养蚕抽丝。8岁时，他就跟着父母学习辑里湖丝手工制作技艺，一坐就是大半天，后来更是经常花上一整夜钻研一个细节，直至熟悉掌握传统缫丝的全部技艺。
作为名副其实的“丝绸之府”，湖州丝绸市镇的形成始于宋代，盛于明清。辑里湖丝因产于辑里村而得名，具有“细、圆、匀、坚、白、净、柔、韧”八大特点，一根湖丝能穿起8枚铜钱。
中小学生参加蚕桑主题系列研学(资料图) 沈勇强 摄明朝中期，“辑里丝”被指定为皇帝龙袍用料，从此声名鹊起；1851年，“辑里丝”在英国伦敦举办的首届世博会上一举夺得金、银大奖，更让“辑里湖丝甲天下”的美誉闻名国际。
近年来，随着机械化缫丝技术的发展，大批手工技艺被埋没甚至遗失。为了更好保留缫丝传统技艺，顾明琪“抢救”下要被丢弃的老缫丝车，如今仍使用它制作湖丝。
堆放在一起的蚕茧(资料图) 沈勇强 摄“我们这一代不保留的话，就没人保留了。不光是我学，我还让儿子、儿媳妇和孙子都学。”2014年，顾明琪还对《辑里湖丝手工制作技艺》进行编纂，到多地进行考察、调研，收集大量图片和历史资料，共计5万余字。
让顾明琪感到欣慰的是，湖州各方也在努力传承这项非遗文化，如开展面向中小学生的蚕桑主题系列研学体验，开设蚕丝绸文化科学研究，聘请非遗传承人担当学生选修课和劳动实践课校外导师等。
时间的齿轮不断向前，丝绸的故事仍在继续书写。如今，非遗不仅“活”了起来，更“亮”了起来。
蚕丝织造技艺(辑里湖丝手工制作技艺)创新应用人、中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长陶虎早就带领团队开始尝试辑里湖丝的创新。由于蚕丝光学性能较好，他们提取出蚕丝蛋白制成存储硬盘。
“蚕丝制成的硬盘不但可以在很高密度下储存数字信息，还可以和血液DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)药物、抗生素、疫苗很好地兼容在一起。”陶虎介绍，这款蚕丝硬盘也成为一款生命信息和数字信息可同步存储的硬盘。
一根蚕丝链接大千世界，一根蚕丝将科技引向未来。当下，陶虎团队正在做视觉恢复探索，利用蚕丝天然抗菌、可降解的优势，首创蚕丝脑机接口，从而降低大脑损伤，且排异反应小。
“镶嵌在头上，像小犄角一样。我们用外面的传感器获取这些图像，通过脑接口绕过视觉系统，目前已在大动物和癫痫病人身上做了试验。”陶虎说。
传统的非遗文化与现代科技结合，闪现出更耀眼的光芒。正如中国民间文艺家协会主席潘鲁生所言，“曾经蚕丝制作的绢本，记载文明的历史；如今蚕丝制成硬盘，实现了技术的永生。”(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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